4 Types of Heat Pumps: Beginners Can Choose in 1 Minute​

Heat pumps are becoming one of the most popular choices for home heating and cooling. They are energy-efficient, eco-friendly, and can provide both heating and cooling in a single system.

For beginners, choosing the right heat pump may seem complicated, but it actually comes down to understanding four main types: air-to-air, air-to-water, water-to-water, and water-to-air. By focusing on three key points—heat source, heat delivery target, and suitable scenario—you can quickly find the perfect match for your home.

Core Information on the Four Heat Pumps

Air-to-Air Heat Pumps draw heat from the outdoor air and deliver it directly to the indoor air. They are fast to install, often within one or two days, and cost less than other systems. This makes them ideal for rental units, small homes, or situations where renovation is not possible.

Air-to-Water Heat Pumps also use outdoor air as the heat source, but they transfer heat into indoor water systems. This makes them suitable for underfloor heating or radiators and also capable of providing domestic hot water. They are highly comfortable and work well for both new home decoration and renovation projects.

Water-to-Water Heat Pumps rely on groundwater or surface water as the heat source and deliver heat into water systems indoors. They are extremely energy-efficient, with a COP between 3.8 and 4.5, and provide stable heating. These systems are perfect for suburban homes with access to wells or rivers, especially where underfloor heating and long-term residence are planned.

Water-to-Air Heat Pumps use groundwater or surface water as the source but deliver the heat into indoor air. They combine a stable heat supply with flexible air distribution, making them suitable for suburban homes with water access and for those who prefer to avoid underfloor heating installations.

Simple Two-Step Selection Formula

The easiest way for beginners to select the right heat pump is to follow two simple steps.

Step 1: Check Water Access
If your home has no access to water, such as an urban apartment, then air-to-air or air-to-water heat pumps are the best fit. If your home has access to wells, rivers, or lakes, then water-to-water or water-to-air systems are the right options.

Step 2: Check Occupancy and Needs
For occupied homes where renovation is not possible, air-to-air systems (for lower cost) or water-to-air systems (for efficiency) are recommended. For unoccupied homes under renovation, air-to-water systems (for comfort and hot water) or water-to-water systems (for maximum efficiency) are the best choice.

Typical Scenario Matches

To make it even clearer, here are a few examples:

• A renter in London with no water access and an occupied home should choose an air-to-air heat pump.
• A new home in Munich without water access but requiring underfloor heating and hot water is best suited for an air-to-water system.
• A suburban home in Lyon with well access and underfloor heating is ideal for a water-to-water system.
• A suburban home in Salzburg near a river and already occupied can benefit from a water-to-air heat pump.

Conclusion

Choosing a heat pump doesn’t have to be complicated. By understanding the heat source, delivery method, and suitable scenario, you can quickly find the best option without needing to learn all the technical details. With the right selection, your home can enjoy efficient, comfortable, and sustainable heating and cooling for years to come.